# Hypertension of Plaques #
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Ang mga modernong gamot sa pag-imprenta ay hinahati sa 10 iba't ibang grupo ayon sa kanilang mekanismo ng pagkilos. Pagkatapos suriin ng doktor ang mga reklamo ng pasyente at ang resulta ng mga pagsusuri, nagrereseta siya ng isa o higit pang gamot, na hindi dapat baguhin nang mag-isa. Ang mga gamot sa puso at daluyan ng dugo ay hindi kabilang sa mga puwedeng irekomenda sa kaibigan. Ang maling desisyon ay maaaring magdulot ng malungkot na kahihinatnan. Lahat ng gamot na pampababa ng presyon ng dugo ay kailangan ng reseta. Sa artikulong ito, tinitingnan natin ang kanilang modernong klasipikasyon base sa mga aktibong sangkap at sa paraan ng epekto nito sa katawan.
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## Tablets of high blood pressure and alcohol ##
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Minsan, dinadagdagan ng doktor ang base na therapy (mga gamot na kailangang inumin araw-araw) ng mga gamot na iniinom kapag may krisis, kapag ang presyon ay sobrang taas at biglang tumaas. At ang dosis ay pinipili rin nang napaka-indibidwal. Kaya imposible na sabihin kung alin ang pinakamahusay na gamot sa presyon, sa bawat kaso ay magkakaroon ng sariling kombinasyon na bagay sa iyo.
</div>
I am happy to offer a scientific Text on the topic of high blood pressure by Plaques (atherosclerosis as a cause for hypertension) in English:
High blood pressure as a result of arteriosclerotic Plaques: Pathophysiological correlates and clinical implications
Atherosclerosis, which is characterized walls due to the formation of Plaques in the vessel, it represents one of the major causes of secondary high blood pressure (hypertension). This review article examines the pathophysiological mechanisms by which atherosclerotic changes in the blood pressure increase, and the resulting clinical consequences.
Pathogenesis of Plaque formation
Atherosclerosis begins with damage to the endothelial cells of the arteries, which leads to a decreased production of vasodilating substances such as nitric oxide (NO). In consequence of lipids, particularly low‑collect-density lipoproteins (LDL) in the Intima of the vessels. These oxidize and trigger an inflammatory reaction in macrophages penetrate into the tissue and develop into foam cells. An oily dispersion that develops over time to a stable or unstable Plaque is formed.
Mechanisms of blood pressure increase
Plaques lead to more Due to increased blood pressure:
Vessel narrowing (stenosis): Due to the narrowing of the vessel lumen increases the peripheral resistance, which can increase the systolic and diastolic blood pressure. This is especially critical in the case of renal artery stenosis, the Renin‑Angiotensin‑aldosterone‑trigger activation (renal hypertension).
Reduced vascular elasticity: The deposits of calcium and fibrous tissue make the arteries more rigid. A reduced Compliance of the large arteries leads to an increase in the pulsatile pressure and an increase in the systolic blood pressure, especially in the advanced age.
Endothelial dysfunction: A damaged endothelium produces less NO and more vasoconstrictor substances (e.g., Endothelin‑1), which leads to a lasting vasoconstriction and, thus, to an increased peripheral resistance.
Inflammatory processes: Chronic inflammation associated with Plaque formation, can interfere with the vascular regulation and to increase blood pressure and contribute.
Clinical impact and diagnosis
Patients with atherosclerotic Plaques and hypertension have a significantly increased risk for cardiovascular events, including myocardial infarction, stroke, and kidney failure. The diagnostics includes:
Measurement of blood pressure over 24 hours (Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring),
Ultrasound examination of the carotid and renal arteries and for the detection of Plaques,
The determination of LDL‑cholesterol, C‑reactive Protein (CRP) and other risk markers,
optionally angiography for accurate localization of stenoses.
Therapeutic Strategies
An effective treatment must address both the high blood pressure as well as the atherosclerotic disease:
Blood pressure lowering drugs: ACE inhibitors or AT1‑receptor blockers (e.g., Losartan) are particularly suitable, since they inhibit in addition to the blood pressure, the Renin‑Angiotensin‑aldosterone axis and a nephro-protective effect.
Lipid-lowering drugs: statins (e.g., Atorvastatin) lower the LDL level and stabilize Plaques.
Anti‑platelet therapy: acetylsalicylic acid (Asa) reduces the risk of thrombus formation at the plaque surface.
Life style modifications: avoidance of Smoking, healthy diet (e.g., DASH diet), regular physical activity, and weight reduction.
Summary
High blood pressure, which is caused by atherosclerotic Plaques, is a multifactorial process that is based on vasoconstriction, decreased elasticity and endothelial dysfunction. Early diagnosis and a combined therapeutic approach are essential to prevent cardiovascular complications and improve the quality of life of patients in the long term.
If you want, I can make certain sections in more detail, or other aspects (e.g., epidemiological data, the molecular mechanisms) complete!
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## Disease of the circulatory System as a ##
Cardiovascular diseases: Early prevention is important!
Your heart is working every day, tirelessly, — give it the attention it deserves!
Diseases of the cardiovascular system are among the most common health risks in the world. High blood pressure, artheros clerosis, heart attack or stroke: Many of these diseases can be due to timely measures to prevent it.
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Regular physical activity: exercise strengthens the heart muscle tissue and promotes blood circulation.
Balanced nutrition: Less salt, sugar and saturated fat, more fruits, vegetables, and fiber.
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Regular checkups: early detection is the best protection.
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<a href="https://hackmd.k15.synology.me/s/qL6KZrqi5">Disease of the circulatory System as a</a> ** Hypertension of Plaques **.
Blood pressure tablets and alcohol consumption: A dangerous combination?
High blood pressure, known medically as hypertension referred to, relates in Germany millions of people. In order to keep the blood pressure in the healthy range, Doctors prescribe often appropriate medications — ACE inhibitors, beta blockers to diuretics. But what happens when these tablets are combined with alcohol? This question is not only relevant, but may be even life-threatening.
First of all, is clear: alcohol is the blood pressure in a complex way. In small amounts it can vessels, although a short-term relaxation of the blood, and thus a slight drop in blood pressure cause. For more consumption, however, the blood pressure rises often, particularly for high blood drückler problematic.
The effect of high blood pressure tablets can be changed by alcohol significantly. Here are some possible effects are:
Increased blood pressure reduction: Some high blood pressure medications, in particular vasodilators and beta-blockers, can merge with alcohol to an excessive reduction in blood pressure. Symptoms such as dizziness, drowsiness or even a circulatory collapse is the result.
Attenuated effect: In the case of other groups of Drugs, alcohol can weaken, however, the effect. The blood pressure remains higher than it should be, which increases the risk for heart attacks or strokes.
Increased strain on the liver: many high blood pressure pills as well as alcohol are metabolized in the liver. The simultaneous admission charged to the institution twice and can lead to damage.
More side effects: alcohol, the side effects of drugs may worsen. Fatigue, headaches, or heart rhythm disturbances can occur.
Especially risky is the combination of certain drugs is:
ACE inhibitors and Sartans can merge with alcohol to a strong drop in blood pressure.
Beta-blockers increase often the sedative effect of alcohol, which leads to increased fatigue and response slowing.
Diuretics (water tablets) may lead to a loss of fluid. Alcohol also has a dehydrating effect — the combination can lead to severe dehydration and electrolyte disturbances.
What should patients do so? The clear recommendation is to consult: Before the intake of alcohol during a high blood pressure therapy, the attending physician.
Some General guidelines:
In the ideal case, abstain from alcohol completely, or the consumption is reduced to a Minimum.
If alcohol is consumed, it should be done only in very small quantities — after medical consultation.
For signs of dizziness, Nausea, or excessive fatigue should be immediately reacts; the taking of further alcohol must be avoided.
The medication should always be prescribed time and in the prescribed dose is taken — not balanced, because alcohol was drunk.
Conclusion: The combination of high blood pressure tablets and alcohol is not a low risk, but a combination that needs to be carefully balanced. The health is too valuable to jeopardize it by thoughtless consumption of alcohol. Open discussions with the doctor and a conscious way of life are the best way to get high blood pressure successfully in the handle and enjoy, without harming themselves.
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## Heart attack is a disease of the circulatory System ##
Heart attack: A disease of the cardiovascular system
The heart attack, known medically as myocardial infarction of the myocardium, is one of the most important diseases of the cardiovascular system and is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. It is caused by an acute disruption of blood supply to the heart muscle (myocardium), which is mostly due to a closure of education in one or more of the coronary arteries.
Pathophysiology
Dieursächliche mechanism of heart attack is the formation of Thrombi on the basis of a pre-existing atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries is usually. In atherosclerosis lipids, in particular, LDL‑cholesterol to accumulate in the arterial wall interior to form Plaques (vascular plaques). If such a Plaque becomes unstable and ruptures, it activates the coagulation system: It is a Thrombus (blood clot) that occludes the artery partially or completely formed. As a result, the oxygen supply to the connected to the heart muscle tissue is interrupted. Without adequate oxygen and nutrient supply to the tissue begins to die within a few minutes (necrotizing).
Symptoms
The typical symptoms of a heart attack include:
fierce, radiate, pressing or burning pain behind the breastbone (Retrosterbralschmerzen), often to the left Arm, the shoulder, the neck, or jaw;
Shortness of breath;
profuse sweating (diaphoresis);
Nausea and possibly vomiting;
Feeling of anxiety and restlessness.
It is important to note that the symptoms may extend, in particular in the case of women, the elderly and patients with Diabetes mellitus, atypical. In these cases, nonspecific complaints such as fatigue, shortness of breath without pain or gastrointestinal complaints in the fore often.
Diagnostics
The diagnosis of myocardial infarction is made by a combination of different methods of investigation:
History and physical examination: assessment of the symptoms and risk factors.
Electrocardiogram (ECG) Shows typical changes such as ST‑segment elevation (STEMI) or ST‑depression and T‑wave Inversion (NSTEMI).
Laboratory diagnosis: detection of elevated cardiac muscle enzymes in the blood, in particular Troponin T or I, are specific to a damage of the myocardium.
Imaging procedures: coronary angiography for the visualization of the closures in the heart arteries.
Therapy
The goal of the therapy is the quickest possible restoration of the blood circulation of the affected heart muscle region. The main measures are:
Thrombolysis: Drug dissolution of the Thrombus (if early catheter intervention is not possible).
Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI): the use of a balloon catheter and possible stent implantation for the re-opening of the closed artery.
Drug therapy: administration of anticoagulants (e.g., ACE, Clopidogrel), beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors, and statins to reduce risk and improve the prognosis.
Prevention
Effective prevention of heart attack is based on the modification of risk factors:
High blood pressure control;
a healthy diet with a low content of saturated fatty acids and cholesterol;
regular physical activity;
Waiver of Smoking;
Weight control and treatment of Diabetes mellitus.
In summary, the heart attack is a life-threatening disease, which can be combated by means of a rapid diagnosis and therapy as well as long-term preventive measures effectively. A better understanding of its pathophysiology and risk factors is essential to reduce the incidence and mortality of this disease further.
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